Kidney epithelial cells line the nephron, the basic functional unit of the kidney. They play a vital role in kidney functions by adapting to its spatial and functional requirements. Therefore, the renal epithelium varies in different segments of the kidney, including the glomerulus, collecting duct and the tubular region (proximal and distal tubules).
These cells are involved in kidney regeneration as well as renal diseases. The development of kidney epithelial cells occurs in the embryo by intermediate mesodermal cells—ureteric bud (U and metanephric mesenchymal (MM) cells. MM cells induce the formation of UB from the Wolffian or nephric duct. Together, both cells form a nephron. UB cells undergo mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition to form kidney epithelial cells.
More research has been going on these cells to study tissue regeneration, physiology, and pathophysiology.
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